5D Library › Books › 5DL-B-005
断食、酮体与注意力的代谢基础
从细胞自噬、β-羟丁酸到间歇性禁食的生物能量学
Fasting, Ketones and the Metabolic Basis of Attention: Autophagy, β-Hydroxybutyrate and the Bioenergetics of Intermittent Fasting
DOI10.5281/zenodo.23684203摘要
空腹真的能让头脑清明吗？本书沿着最后一餐之后的时间线，阅读断食的生物学：肝糖原的耗竭与糖异生的接手、肝脏把脂肪酸转化为酮体、大脑逐步改用β-羟丁酸（卡希尔的燃料切换曲线），以及让断食出名的四个观念——大隅良典的细胞自噬（2016 年诺贝尔奖）、作为信号分子的β-羟丁酸、维奇关于酮体热力学效率的论证、NAD⁺ 与去乙酰化酶。书中用可运行的 Python 计算核对这些说法：按化学计量，酮体每分子氧气产生的 ATP 并不比葡萄糖多，维奇的论证实际建立在 ATP 水解自由能与线粒体氧化还原状态之上；小鼠的一天断食在代谢上约等于人的一周。
全书九章，另用一个糖原-酮体微分方程模型比较 12:12、16:8、一日一餐和每周一次 48 小时断食，并对照已发表的随机试验；阅读《庄子》「心斋」、《黄帝内经》「食饮有节」、马王堆《却谷食气》、葛洪对断谷的怀疑与佛教过午不食；最后给出一份只到 16:8 的四周观察记录表（附停止规则），以及一份 16:8 饮食与持续注意力的预注册随机交叉试验方案。标注框区分已发表的证据、计算、原典与作者的假说，每个假说都写明什么结果会推翻它。本书不是医疗建议，列明了禁忌人群，不设体重目标，不推荐任何产品或补充剂剂量。
关键词：间歇性断食；酮体；β-羟丁酸；细胞自噬；NAD+；生物能量学；注意力；时限进食
Abstract
Does an empty stomach clear the mind? This book follows the body along the timeline after a last meal: liver glycogen running down while gluconeogenesis takes over, the liver turning fatty acids into ketone bodies, and the brain gradually switching part of its fuel to β-hydroxybutyrate (George Cahill's fuel-switch curve). It examines the four ideas that made fasting famous: Yoshinori Ohsumi's autophagy (Nobel Prize 2016), β-hydroxybutyrate as a signalling molecule, Richard Veech's argument that ketones are a thermodynamically more efficient fuel, and NAD⁺ and the sirtuins. Runnable Python calculations check the claims: by stoichiometry, ketones do not yield more ATP per molecule of oxygen than glucose, and Veech's argument rests instead on the free energy of ATP hydrolysis and mitochondrial redox state; a one-day fast in a mouse is metabolically closer to a week in a human.
Across nine chapters the book also uses a small differential-equation model of glycogen and ketones to compare 12:12, 16:8, one meal a day and a weekly 48-hour fast against the published randomised trials; reads the classical record, from the Zhuangzi's "fasting of the heart" and the Inner Classic's "measure in eating" to the Mawangdui manuscript on abstaining from grain, Ge Hong's scepticism and the Buddhist rule of not eating after noon; and ends with a four-week observation log that goes no further than 16:8, with stop rules, and a pre-registered randomised crossover trial of 16:8 eating and sustained attention. Marked boxes separate published evidence, calculations, classical sources and the author's hypotheses, each with the result that would refute it. The book is not medical advice; it lists who should not fast, sets no weight targets and recommends no product or supplement dose.
Keywords: intermittent fasting; ketone bodies; beta-hydroxybutyrate; autophagy; NAD+; bioenergetics; attention; time-restricted eating
目录 · Contents
- 序：空腹能让头脑清明吗？English 中文Preface: Does an Empty Stomach Clear the Mind?
- 第一章 燃料切换：卡希尔曲线English 中文Chapter 1. The Fuel Switch: Cahill's Curve
- 第二章 细胞自噬：大隅良典的酵母与外推的边界English 中文Chapter 2. Autophagy: Ohsumi's Yeast and the Limits of Translation
- 第三章 酮体与大脑：作为燃料与信号的β-羟丁酸English 中文Chapter 3. Ketones and the Brain: β-Hydroxybutyrate as Fuel and Signal
- 第四章 酮体的热力学：核算维奇的论证English 中文Chapter 4. The Thermodynamics of Ketones: Veech's Argument, Checked
- 第五章 NAD+、氧化还原与去乙酰化酶English 中文Chapter 5. NAD+, Redox and Sirtuins
- 第六章 模型中的时间表：16:8、一日一餐与 48 小时断食English 中文Chapter 6. Schedules in a Model: 16:8, One Meal a Day and a 48-Hour Fast
- 第七章 辟谷与过午不食：古典记载English 中文Chapter 7. Bigu and Not Eating After Noon: The Classical Record
- 第八章 实践：四周代谢切换观察记录English 中文Chapter 8. Practice: A Four-Week Metabolic-Switch Log
- 第九章 16:8 饮食与注意力的预注册交叉试验English 中文Chapter 9. A Pre-Registered Crossover Trial of 16:8 Eating and Attention
How to cite · 引用
Fan, Y. (2026). Fasting, Ketones and the Metabolic Basis of Attention: Autophagy, β-Hydroxybutyrate and the Bioenergetics of Intermittent Fasting [断食、酮体与注意力的代谢基础] (Version 1.0.0). 5D Library. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23684203
BibTeX
@book{fan2026fasting,
title = {{Fasting, Ketones and the Metabolic Basis of Attention}: Autophagy, β-Hydroxybutyrate and the Bioenergetics of Intermittent Fasting},
author = {Fan, Yafu},
year = {2026},
publisher = {5D Library},
edition = {Version 1.0.0},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23684203},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23684203},
note = {Chinese title: 断食、酮体与注意力的代谢基础}
}
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23684203 |
|---|---|
| DOI（全部版本 all versions） | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23684202 |
| ORCID | https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3519-1203 |
| 5D Library ID | 5DL-B-005 |
| 版本 Version | 1.0.0 · 中英双语版 Bilingual edition |
| 出版日期 Date | 2026-10-27 |
| 网址 Online | https://5dlibrary.com/books/fasting-ketones-attention/ |
| SHA-256 · fasting-ketones-attention_bilingual_v1.0.0.pdf | 41d008af2ac13f559cc6a7c786bd19fbfcc8bfaafd5bc23228549ffe1b3cfb7b |
| SHA-256 · fasting-ketones-attention_en_v1.0.0.pdf | 611234efbae05d555d3ab0fcbf55c7693090b1b2b57abd7b621332f5b351f6bd |
| SHA-256 · fasting-ketones-attention_zh_v1.0.0.pdf | 54ea0155b711a9ea372c8d7626a63db68922900183f13e30e736fe13e0002e2a |
| Licence · 许可 | Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
Disclosure. The author and the group that includes 5D Library operate ketohackers.com and nadplusnadplus.com, websites about ketogenic eating and NAD⁺, and therefore have a direct commercial interest in the subjects of this book. The book names no brand or product, recommends no supplement and gives no doses; every model and the pre-registered study protocol are published openly for anyone to test.