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神经递质与内分泌的动力系统
多巴胺奖励预测误差、血清素稳态、HPA轴异态负荷与睾酮挑战假说的数学建模及东方调心观
Dynamical Systems of Neurotransmitters and Endocrinology: Dopamine Reward Prediction Error, Serotonergic Homeostasis, HPA-Axis Allostatic Load and the Challenge Hypothesis, Read Beside East Asian Classics of Mind Regulation
DOI10.5281/zenodo.23738782摘要
流行说法常把多巴胺、皮质醇、睾酮和血清素当作可以分别调高调低的开关。本书把它们放回所在的反馈回路，用动力系统、强化学习与优化模型考察：舒尔茨、达扬与蒙塔古的奖励预测误差与时间差分学习，以及尼夫等人的平均奖励率模型如何解释高频强刺激之后日常努力的负向误差，并与所罗门和科比特的对手过程理论并读；CRH–ACTH–皮质醇负反馈回路与糖皮质激素受体下调的模型（双稳态与压力频率的转折点）、异态负荷指数的计算方法，以及慢性压力在人类中既可表现为皮质醇升高也可表现为降低的元分析证据；温菲尔德的挑战假说、睾酮效应量的实证大小（艾森内格的最后通牒博弈、胜负效应与力量姿势的重复失败、双激素假说的边缘支持）、HPA 对 HPG 轴的交叉抑制与挑战—威胁评估；色氨酸耗竭研究、血清素与抑郁关系的伞形综述、ipRGC 与昼夜时钟的光相位模型；压力反射回路在每分钟约 6 次呼吸时的共振及其对测量指标的含义；以及帕累托前沿意义上不存在单一最优状态。
八章与《孟子·公孙丑上》养浩然之气、《素问·上古天真论》恬惔虚无和《庄子·达生》木鸡并读，并说明类比的限度；最后给出个人日常节律四步核查（晨间光照、阻断高频碎片刺激、慢呼吸与恢复、睡眠完整与规律），以及一项比较晨间自然光加 0.1 赫兹慢呼吸与常规作息对高压创业者静息心率变异性（lnRMSSD，主要结局）与晨起皮质醇反应（次要结局）影响的预注册随机对照试验方案（判定规则写成代码）。书中以标注框区分已发表的证据、可运行的 Python 计算（14 段程序，全部核对）、原典与作者的假说。健康提示：本书不是医疗建议，不作诊断，不给任何药物、激素或补充剂剂量，不声称任何练习能治疗任何疾病。
关键词：多巴胺；奖励预测误差；时间差分学习；平均奖励率；对手过程；HPA轴；皮质醇；糖皮质激素受体；异态负荷；睾酮；挑战假说；双激素假说；血清素；昼夜节律；心率变异性；共振呼吸；压力反射；帕累托前沿
Abstract
Popular accounts often treat dopamine, cortisol, testosterone and serotonin as switches to be turned up or down. This book puts them back into their feedback loops and examines them with dynamical-systems, reinforcement-learning and optimisation models: the reward prediction error and temporal-difference learning of Schultz, Dayan and Montague, and how the average-reward model of Niv and colleagues explains the negative error of ordinary effort after frequent intense stimulation, read beside Solomon and Corbit's opponent-process theory; a model of the CRH–ACTH–cortisol feedback loop with glucocorticoid-receptor down-regulation (bistability and a tipping point in stress frequency), how allostatic load is scored, and the meta-analytic evidence that chronic stress in humans can show up as either raised or lowered cortisol; Wingfield's challenge hypothesis, the measured size of testosterone effects (Eisenegger's ultimatum game, the winner–loser effect, the failed replication of power posing and the marginal support for the dual-hormone hypothesis), HPA inhibition of the HPG axis, and challenge versus threat appraisal; tryptophan-depletion studies, the umbrella review of serotonin and depression, and a light-phase model of ipRGCs and the circadian clock; the resonance of the baroreflex loop at about six breaths a minute and what it implies for measurement; and the absence of a single optimal state in the sense of a Pareto front.
The eight chapters are read beside Mencius on nourishing the flood-like qi, the Suwen on tranquil emptiness and the Zhuangzi's wooden cockerel, with the limits of the analogies, and end with a four-step check of personal daily rhythm (morning light, blocking high-frequency fragments, slow breathing and recovery, complete and regular sleep) and a pre-registered randomised controlled trial comparing morning daylight plus 0.1 Hz slow breathing with usual routine in high-stress founders, with resting heart-rate variability (lnRMSSD) as primary outcome and the cortisol awakening response as secondary outcome (decision rule written as code). Marked boxes separate published evidence, runnable Python calculations (14 programs, all checked), classical sources and the author's hypotheses. Health notice: this book is not medical advice, makes no diagnosis, gives no doses of any drug, hormone or supplement, and does not claim that any practice treats any disease.
Keywords: dopamine; reward prediction error; temporal-difference learning; average reward; opponent process; HPA axis; cortisol; glucocorticoid receptor; allostatic load; testosterone; challenge hypothesis; dual-hormone hypothesis; serotonin; circadian rhythm; ipRGC; heart rate variability; resonance breathing; baroreflex; Pareto front
目录 · Contents
- 序：身体里的信号，不是开关English 中文Preface: Signals in the Body, Not Switches
- 第一章 多巴胺不是快乐分子：奖励预测误差English 中文Chapter 1 Dopamine Is Not the Pleasure Molecule: Reward Prediction Error
- 第二章 HPA 轴与异态负荷English 中文Chapter 2 The HPA Axis and Allostatic Load
- 第三章 HPG 轴、睾酮与挑战假说English 中文Chapter 3 The HPG Axis, Testosterone and the Challenge Hypothesis
- 第四章 血清素、情绪缓冲与光English 中文Chapter 4 Serotonin, Emotional Buffering and Light
- 第五章 迷走神经、心率变异性与呼吸谐振English 中文Chapter 5 The Vagus Nerve, Heart-Rate Variability and Breathing Resonance
- 第六章 四种状态信号的权衡：没有单一的最优水平English 中文Chapter 6 Trade-offs among Four State Signals: No Single Optimal Level
- 第七章 原典：养气、恬惔与木鸡English 中文Chapter 7 The Classics: Nourishing *Qi*, Tranquil Emptiness and the Wooden Cockerel
- 第八章 实践与预注册试验English 中文Chapter 8 Practice and a Pre-registered Trial
How to cite · 引用
Fan, Y. (2026). Dynamical Systems of Neurotransmitters and Endocrinology: Dopamine Reward Prediction Error, Serotonergic Homeostasis, HPA-Axis Allostatic Load and the Challenge Hypothesis, Read Beside East Asian Classics of Mind Regulation [神经递质与内分泌的动力系统] (Version 1.0.0). 5D Library. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23738782
BibTeX
@book{fan2026neurochemistry,
title = {{Dynamical Systems of Neurotransmitters and Endocrinology}: Dopamine Reward Prediction Error, Serotonergic Homeostasis, HPA-Axis Allostatic Load and the Challenge Hypothesis, Read Beside East Asian Classics of Mind Regulation},
author = {Fan, Yafu},
year = {2026},
publisher = {5D Library},
edition = {Version 1.0.0},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23738782},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23738782},
note = {Chinese title: 神经递质与内分泌的动力系统}
}
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23738782 |
|---|---|
| DOI（全部版本 all versions） | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23738781 |
| ORCID | https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3519-1203 |
| 5D Library ID | 5DL-B-014 |
| 版本 Version | 1.0.0 · 中英双语版 Bilingual edition |
| 出版日期 Date | 2026-10-28 |
| 网址 Online | https://5dlibrary.com/books/neurochemistry-game-theory/ |
| SHA-256 · neurochemistry-game-theory_bilingual_v1.0.0.pdf | 93c7eb33e0500df61f22cd8d1ee4ec76936caf743cd58e04dfb9316c4d3cf8f0 |
| SHA-256 · neurochemistry-game-theory_en_v1.0.0.pdf | 36faa8ae7749bcb536309897a713f3a1ba443346710aa075471529c71060e10d |
| SHA-256 · neurochemistry-game-theory_zh_v1.0.0.pdf | 67d95a629ccce74eb2c1fee128ade67557bb824cecb7165a3f436cd4dcbc4ffd |
| Licence · 许可 | Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
Disclosure. The author uses this book as the methodological basis of his community cognition courses, 5D Ascension Cards (Dimensional Shift Card Decks) and the Yafu AI knowledge base, and so has a direct commercial interest in its subject and in the result of the Chapter 8 trial. The book promotes no course, card deck or product and makes no health or therapeutic claim; the trial is designed to be run and analysed by researchers independent of the author's business; all the code and the study protocol are published openly for anyone to check.